Food insecurity increases energetic efficiency, not food consumption: an exploratory study in European starlings
نویسندگان
چکیده
Food insecurity—defined as limited or unpredictable access to nutritionally adequate food—is associated with higher body mass in humans and birds. It is widely assumed that food insecurity-induced fattening caused by increased consumption, but there little evidence supporting this any species. We developed a novel technology for measuring foraging, intake small groups of aviary-housed European starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ). Across four exploratory experiments, we demonstrate birds responded 1–2 weeks insecurity increasing their despite eating less. Food-insecure therefore energetic efficiency, calculated the maintained per unit consumed. Mass gain was greater were lighter at baseline faced competition food. Whilst variation between experiments consumption under insecurity, efficiency always increased. Bomb calorimetry guano showed reduced energy density suggesting assimilated from Behavioural observations roosting inconsistent physical activity insecurity. Increased continued after security reinstated, indicating an asymmetry speed response recovery it. Future work understand mechanisms underlying should focus on biological changes mediating rather than consumption.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: PeerJ
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2167-8359']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11541